What is a colposcopy? When do I need one?

What is a colposcopy
A colposcopy is a doctor's office procedure that closely examines your cervix, vagina and vulva using a colposcope for signs of abnormal cells. If a doctor finds an unusual area of cells during this procedure, s/he will collect a sample of tissue to examine in the lab, this process is known as a biopsy. 

What is a colposcopy for
A colposcopy can be used to diagnose genital warts, precancerous changes in the tissue of the cervix, vagina or vulva, and inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis).

When do I get a colposcopy
A colposcopy is typically recommended by a doctor if your Pap test result is abnormal, or even borderline abnormal. 

What to expect at the doctor's office
A colposcopy, while only between 10-30 minutes, can often cause anxiety. As you would during a pap, you'll lie on your back with your feet in supports. Your doctor will then use a metal speculum to keep the walls of your vagina open and then use a colposcope to examine your vagina, vulva and cervix. The doctor will apply a solution of vinegar, which helps to highlight any area of abnormal cells. If abnormal cells are found, your doctor will take a sample of tissue to examine in the lab. 

During and after the procedure
A colposcopy is sometimes uncomfortable due to extended use of the speculum. After the procedure, your doctor may use a solution to help stop the bleeding. 

If no tissue samples are taken, you may experience light bleeding. However if tissue samples are taken, you can expect to experience aching in your vaginal or vulva area, light bleeding that lasts days, and dark discharge from your vagina. The dark discharge is from the solution used to stop the bleeding.

Do not put anything, and I mean anything, in your vagina for up to two weeks. 

Following the procedure, go over the expected symptoms with your doctor. If anything seems abnormal, such as heavy bleeding or unusual discharge, call for a follow up. 

Your doctor will return your results and, depending on the severity of the results, consult on your plan of action.

Source: 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/colposcopy/about/pac-20385036

https://healthonline.washington.edu/sites/default/files/record_pdfs/About-Your-Colposcopy.pdf