How is hpv contracted?
HPV is common in sexually-active men and women.
HPV can be transmitted sexually and non-sexually.
It can be transmitted via skin-to-skin contact via the genitals, mouth and throat, sharing contaminated sex toys and, rarely, delivery from mother to baby.
When transmitted, it is usually through a cut, abrasion or small tear in your skin.
Non-sexual transmission
While rare, reusable metal medical instruments can transmit HPV despite rigorous attempts at disinfection.
Warts. Shaking the hand of someone who has a wart on their finger can spread HPV. For more information on the treatment of warts, please check out this Harvard Medical School article: https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/human-papilloma-virus-hpv-a-to-z
Common surfaces. The viruses carried on surfaces touched by someone who has warts e.g. inside of shoes, swimming pools, showers, can spread HPV.
Risk factors for contracting HPV
The number of sexual partners you have, the more likely you are to contract a HPV infection. Having sex with someone who has multiple sex partners also increases your risk.
Age. Common warts occur mostly in children. Genital warts occur mostly in adolescents and young adults.
Weakened immune systems. This could mean HIV/AIDS or those taking immune system-suppressing drugs.
Damaged skin. Areas of skin that are punctured are more prone to develop common warts.
Personal contact. Touching someone's warts or not wearing protection before contacting surfaces that have been exposed to HPV, such as public showers or swimming pools, may increase your risk of HPV infection.
Protecting against HPV
Vaccines. Read about the HPV vaccine here.
Condoms. However this provides limited protection as with other STD's.
Abstinence. Most people will become sexually active at some point in their lives so HPV and the HPV vaccine are still relevant for this group.
Resources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351596
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hpv
https://obpmedical.com/non-sexual-transmission-of-hpv-101-what-you-need-to-know/
https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/human-papilloma-virus-hpv-a-to-z
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